[Dovecot] Fixes CVE-2017-15132 - take 2

master
andre.peters 2018-02-01 23:35:55 +01:00
parent 6ebcd00521
commit ae4ccd4d17
5 changed files with 790 additions and 2 deletions

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@ -65,7 +65,9 @@ RUN apt-get update && apt-get -y --no-install-recommends install \
RUN curl https://www.dovecot.org/releases/2.2/dovecot-$DOVECOT_VERSION.tar.gz | tar xvz \
&& cd dovecot-$DOVECOT_VERSION \
&& sed '/call_callback(request, AUTH_REQUEST_STATUS_ABORT, NULL, NULL);/a pool_unref(&request->pool);' src/lib-auth/auth-client-request.c \
&& curl -o src/lib-auth/auth-client-request.c https://mailcow.email/dovecot-patch1/auth-client-request.c \
&& curl -o src/lib-auth/auth-server-connection.c https://mailcow.email/dovecot-patch1/auth-server-connection.c \
&& curl -o src/lib-auth/auth-server-connection.h https://mailcow.email/dovecot-patch1/auth-server-connection.h \
&& ./configure --with-mysql --with-lzma --with-lz4 --with-ssl=openssl --with-notify=inotify --with-storages=mdbox,sdbox,maildir,mbox,imapc,pop3c --with-bzlib --with-zlib \
&& make -j3 \
&& make install \

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@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
/* Copyright (c) 2003-2017 Dovecot authors, see the included COPYING file */
#include "lib.h"
#include "str.h"
#include "strescape.h"
#include "ostream.h"
#include "auth-client-private.h"
#include "auth-server-connection.h"
#include "auth-client-request.h"
struct auth_client_request {
pool_t pool;
struct auth_server_connection *conn;
unsigned int id;
time_t created;
struct auth_request_info request_info;
auth_request_callback_t *callback;
void *context;
};
static void auth_server_send_new_request(struct auth_server_connection *conn,
struct auth_client_request *request)
{
struct auth_request_info *info = &request->request_info;
string_t *str;
str = t_str_new(512);
str_printfa(str, "AUTH\t%u\t", request->id);
str_append_tabescaped(str, info->mech);
str_append(str, "\tservice=");
str_append_tabescaped(str, info->service);
if ((info->flags & AUTH_REQUEST_FLAG_SUPPORT_FINAL_RESP) != 0)
str_append(str, "\tfinal-resp-ok");
if ((info->flags & AUTH_REQUEST_FLAG_SECURED) != 0)
str_append(str, "\tsecured");
if ((info->flags & AUTH_REQUEST_FLAG_NO_PENALTY) != 0)
str_append(str, "\tno-penalty");
if ((info->flags & AUTH_REQUEST_FLAG_VALID_CLIENT_CERT) != 0)
str_append(str, "\tvalid-client-cert");
if ((info->flags & AUTH_REQUEST_FLAG_DEBUG) != 0)
str_append(str, "\tdebug");
if (info->session_id != NULL) {
str_append(str, "\tsession=");
str_append_tabescaped(str, info->session_id);
}
if (info->cert_username != NULL) {
str_append(str, "\tcert_username=");
str_append_tabescaped(str, info->cert_username);
}
if (info->local_ip.family != 0)
str_printfa(str, "\tlip=%s", net_ip2addr(&info->local_ip));
if (info->remote_ip.family != 0)
str_printfa(str, "\trip=%s", net_ip2addr(&info->remote_ip));
if (info->local_port != 0)
str_printfa(str, "\tlport=%u", info->local_port);
if (info->remote_port != 0)
str_printfa(str, "\trport=%u", info->remote_port);
/* send the real_* variants only when they differ from the unreal
ones */
if (info->real_local_ip.family != 0 &&
!net_ip_compare(&info->real_local_ip, &info->local_ip)) {
str_printfa(str, "\treal_lip=%s",
net_ip2addr(&info->real_local_ip));
}
if (info->real_remote_ip.family != 0 &&
!net_ip_compare(&info->real_remote_ip, &info->remote_ip)) {
str_printfa(str, "\treal_rip=%s",
net_ip2addr(&info->real_remote_ip));
}
if (info->real_local_port != 0 &&
info->real_local_port != info->local_port)
str_printfa(str, "\treal_lport=%u", info->real_local_port);
if (info->real_remote_port != 0 &&
info->real_remote_port != info->remote_port)
str_printfa(str, "\treal_rport=%u", info->real_remote_port);
if (info->local_name != NULL &&
*info->local_name != '\0') {
str_append(str, "\tlocal_name=");
str_append_tabescaped(str, info->local_name);
}
if (info->client_id != NULL &&
*info->client_id != '\0') {
str_append(str, "\tclient_id=");
str_append_tabescaped(str, info->client_id);
}
if (info->forward_fields != NULL &&
*info->forward_fields != '\0') {
str_append(str, "\tforward_fields=");
str_append_tabescaped(str, info->forward_fields);
}
if (info->initial_resp_base64 != NULL) {
str_append(str, "\tresp=");
str_append_tabescaped(str, info->initial_resp_base64);
}
str_append_c(str, '\n');
if (o_stream_send(conn->output, str_data(str), str_len(str)) < 0)
i_error("Error sending request to auth server: %m");
}
struct auth_client_request *
auth_client_request_new(struct auth_client *client,
const struct auth_request_info *request_info,
auth_request_callback_t *callback, void *context)
{
struct auth_client_request *request;
pool_t pool;
pool = pool_alloconly_create("auth client request", 512);
request = p_new(pool, struct auth_client_request, 1);
request->pool = pool;
request->conn = client->conn;
request->request_info = *request_info;
request->request_info.mech = p_strdup(pool, request_info->mech);
request->request_info.service = p_strdup(pool, request_info->service);
request->request_info.session_id =
p_strdup_empty(pool, request_info->session_id);
request->request_info.cert_username =
p_strdup_empty(pool, request_info->cert_username);
request->request_info.initial_resp_base64 =
p_strdup_empty(pool, request_info->initial_resp_base64);
request->callback = callback;
request->context = context;
request->id =
auth_server_connection_add_request(request->conn, request);
request->created = ioloop_time;
T_BEGIN {
auth_server_send_new_request(request->conn, request);
} T_END;
return request;
}
void auth_client_request_continue(struct auth_client_request *request,
const char *data_base64)
{
struct const_iovec iov[3];
const char *prefix;
prefix = t_strdup_printf("CONT\t%u\t", request->id);
iov[0].iov_base = prefix;
iov[0].iov_len = strlen(prefix);
iov[1].iov_base = data_base64;
iov[1].iov_len = strlen(data_base64);
iov[2].iov_base = "\n";
iov[2].iov_len = 1;
if (o_stream_sendv(request->conn->output, iov, 3) < 0)
i_error("Error sending continue request to auth server: %m");
}
static void ATTR_NULL(3, 4)
call_callback(struct auth_client_request *request,
enum auth_request_status status,
const char *data_base64,
const char *const *args)
{
auth_request_callback_t *callback = request->callback;
if (status != AUTH_REQUEST_STATUS_CONTINUE)
request->callback = NULL;
callback(request, status, data_base64, args, request->context);
}
void auth_client_request_abort(struct auth_client_request **_request)
{
struct auth_client_request *request = *_request;
*_request = NULL;
auth_client_send_cancel(request->conn->client, request->id);
call_callback(request, AUTH_REQUEST_STATUS_ABORT, NULL, NULL);
auth_server_connection_remove_request(request->conn, request->id);
pool_unref(&request->pool);
}
unsigned int auth_client_request_get_id(struct auth_client_request *request)
{
return request->id;
}
unsigned int
auth_client_request_get_server_pid(struct auth_client_request *request)
{
return request->conn->server_pid;
}
const char *auth_client_request_get_cookie(struct auth_client_request *request)
{
return request->conn->cookie;
}
bool auth_client_request_is_aborted(struct auth_client_request *request)
{
return request->callback == NULL;
}
time_t auth_client_request_get_create_time(struct auth_client_request *request)
{
return request->created;
}
void auth_client_request_server_input(struct auth_client_request *request,
enum auth_request_status status,
const char *const *args)
{
const char *const *tmp, *base64_data = NULL;
if (request->callback == NULL) {
/* aborted already */
return;
}
switch (status) {
case AUTH_REQUEST_STATUS_OK:
for (tmp = args; *tmp != NULL; tmp++) {
if (strncmp(*tmp, "resp=", 5) == 0) {
base64_data = *tmp + 5;
break;
}
}
break;
case AUTH_REQUEST_STATUS_CONTINUE:
base64_data = args[0];
args = NULL;
break;
case AUTH_REQUEST_STATUS_FAIL:
case AUTH_REQUEST_STATUS_INTERNAL_FAIL:
case AUTH_REQUEST_STATUS_ABORT:
break;
}
call_callback(request, status, base64_data, args);
if (status != AUTH_REQUEST_STATUS_CONTINUE)
pool_unref(&request->pool);
}
void auth_client_send_cancel(struct auth_client *client, unsigned int id)
{
const char *str = t_strdup_printf("CANCEL\t%u\n", id);
if (o_stream_send_str(client->conn->output, str) < 0)
i_error("Error sending request to auth server: %m");
}

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@ -0,0 +1,489 @@
/* Copyright (c) 2003-2017 Dovecot authors, see the included COPYING file */
#include "lib.h"
#include "array.h"
#include "hash.h"
#include "hostpid.h"
#include "ioloop.h"
#include "istream.h"
#include "ostream.h"
#include "net.h"
#include "strescape.h"
#include "eacces-error.h"
#include "auth-client-private.h"
#include "auth-client-request.h"
#include "auth-server-connection.h"
#include <unistd.h>
#define AUTH_SERVER_CONN_MAX_LINE_LENGTH AUTH_CLIENT_MAX_LINE_LENGTH
#define AUTH_HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT (30*1000)
#define AUTH_SERVER_RECONNECT_TIMEOUT_SECS 5
static void
auth_server_connection_reconnect(struct auth_server_connection *conn,
const char *disconnect_reason);
static int
auth_server_input_mech(struct auth_server_connection *conn,
const char *const *args)
{
struct auth_mech_desc mech_desc;
if (conn->handshake_received) {
i_error("BUG: Authentication server already sent handshake");
return -1;
}
if (args[0] == NULL) {
i_error("BUG: Authentication server sent broken MECH line");
return -1;
}
i_zero(&mech_desc);
mech_desc.name = p_strdup(conn->pool, args[0]);
if (strcmp(mech_desc.name, "PLAIN") == 0)
conn->has_plain_mech = TRUE;
for (args++; *args != NULL; args++) {
if (strcmp(*args, "private") == 0)
mech_desc.flags |= MECH_SEC_PRIVATE;
else if (strcmp(*args, "anonymous") == 0)
mech_desc.flags |= MECH_SEC_ANONYMOUS;
else if (strcmp(*args, "plaintext") == 0)
mech_desc.flags |= MECH_SEC_PLAINTEXT;
else if (strcmp(*args, "dictionary") == 0)
mech_desc.flags |= MECH_SEC_DICTIONARY;
else if (strcmp(*args, "active") == 0)
mech_desc.flags |= MECH_SEC_ACTIVE;
else if (strcmp(*args, "forward-secrecy") == 0)
mech_desc.flags |= MECH_SEC_FORWARD_SECRECY;
else if (strcmp(*args, "mutual-auth") == 0)
mech_desc.flags |= MECH_SEC_MUTUAL_AUTH;
}
array_append(&conn->available_auth_mechs, &mech_desc, 1);
return 0;
}
static int
auth_server_input_spid(struct auth_server_connection *conn,
const char *const *args)
{
if (conn->handshake_received) {
i_error("BUG: Authentication server already sent handshake");
return -1;
}
if (str_to_uint(args[0], &conn->server_pid) < 0) {
i_error("BUG: Authentication server sent invalid PID");
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
static int
auth_server_input_cuid(struct auth_server_connection *conn,
const char *const *args)
{
if (conn->handshake_received) {
i_error("BUG: Authentication server already sent handshake");
return -1;
}
if (args[0] == NULL ||
str_to_uint(args[0], &conn->connect_uid) < 0) {
i_error("BUG: Authentication server sent broken CUID line");
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
static int
auth_server_input_cookie(struct auth_server_connection *conn,
const char *const *args)
{
if (conn->cookie != NULL) {
i_error("BUG: Authentication server already sent cookie");
return -1;
}
conn->cookie = p_strdup(conn->pool, args[0]);
return 0;
}
static int auth_server_input_done(struct auth_server_connection *conn)
{
if (array_count(&conn->available_auth_mechs) == 0) {
i_error("BUG: Authentication server returned no mechanisms");
return -1;
}
if (conn->cookie == NULL) {
i_error("BUG: Authentication server didn't send a cookie");
return -1;
}
if (conn->to != NULL)
timeout_remove(&conn->to);
conn->handshake_received = TRUE;
if (conn->client->connect_notify_callback != NULL) {
conn->client->connect_notify_callback(conn->client, TRUE,
conn->client->connect_notify_context);
}
return 0;
}
static int
auth_server_lookup_request(struct auth_server_connection *conn,
const char *id_arg, bool remove,
struct auth_client_request **request_r)
{
struct auth_client_request *request;
unsigned int id;
if (id_arg == NULL || str_to_uint(id_arg, &id) < 0) {
i_error("BUG: Authentication server input missing ID");
return -1;
}
request = hash_table_lookup(conn->requests, POINTER_CAST(id));
if (request == NULL) {
i_error("BUG: Authentication server sent unknown id %u", id);
return -1;
}
if (remove || auth_client_request_is_aborted(request))
hash_table_remove(conn->requests, POINTER_CAST(id));
*request_r = request;
return 0;
}
static int
auth_server_input_ok(struct auth_server_connection *conn,
const char *const *args)
{
struct auth_client_request *request;
if (auth_server_lookup_request(conn, args[0], TRUE, &request) < 0)
return -1;
auth_client_request_server_input(request, AUTH_REQUEST_STATUS_OK,
args + 1);
return 0;
}
static int auth_server_input_cont(struct auth_server_connection *conn,
const char *const *args)
{
struct auth_client_request *request;
if (str_array_length(args) < 2) {
i_error("BUG: Authentication server sent broken CONT line");
return -1;
}
if (auth_server_lookup_request(conn, args[0], FALSE, &request) < 0)
return -1;
auth_client_request_server_input(request, AUTH_REQUEST_STATUS_CONTINUE,
args + 1);
return 0;
}
static int auth_server_input_fail(struct auth_server_connection *conn,
const char *const *args)
{
struct auth_client_request *request;
if (auth_server_lookup_request(conn, args[0], TRUE, &request) < 0)
return -1;
auth_client_request_server_input(request, AUTH_REQUEST_STATUS_FAIL,
args + 1);
return 0;
}
static int
auth_server_connection_input_line(struct auth_server_connection *conn,
const char *line)
{
const char *const *args;
if (conn->client->debug)
i_debug("auth input: %s", line);
args = t_strsplit_tabescaped(line);
if (args[0] == NULL) {
i_error("Auth server sent empty line");
return -1;
}
if (strcmp(args[0], "OK") == 0)
return auth_server_input_ok(conn, args + 1);
else if (strcmp(args[0], "CONT") == 0)
return auth_server_input_cont(conn, args + 1);
else if (strcmp(args[0], "FAIL") == 0)
return auth_server_input_fail(conn, args + 1);
else if (strcmp(args[0], "MECH") == 0)
return auth_server_input_mech(conn, args + 1);
else if (strcmp(args[0], "SPID") == 0)
return auth_server_input_spid(conn, args + 1);
else if (strcmp(args[0], "CUID") == 0)
return auth_server_input_cuid(conn, args + 1);
else if (strcmp(args[0], "COOKIE") == 0)
return auth_server_input_cookie(conn, args + 1);
else if (strcmp(args[0], "DONE") == 0)
return auth_server_input_done(conn);
else {
i_error("Auth server sent unknown command: %s", args[0]);
return -1;
}
}
static void auth_server_connection_input(struct auth_server_connection *conn)
{
struct istream *input;
const char *line, *error;
int ret;
switch (i_stream_read(conn->input)) {
case 0:
return;
case -1:
/* disconnected */
error = conn->input->stream_errno != 0 ?
strerror(conn->input->stream_errno) : "EOF";
auth_server_connection_reconnect(conn, error);
return;
case -2:
/* buffer full - can't happen unless auth is buggy */
i_error("BUG: Auth server sent us more than %d bytes of data",
AUTH_SERVER_CONN_MAX_LINE_LENGTH);
auth_server_connection_disconnect(conn, "buffer full");
return;
}
if (!conn->version_received) {
line = i_stream_next_line(conn->input);
if (line == NULL)
return;
/* make sure the major version matches */
if (strncmp(line, "VERSION\t", 8) != 0 ||
!str_uint_equals(t_strcut(line + 8, '\t'),
AUTH_CLIENT_PROTOCOL_MAJOR_VERSION)) {
i_error("Authentication server not compatible with "
"this client (mixed old and new binaries?)");
auth_server_connection_disconnect(conn,
"incompatible server");
return;
}
conn->version_received = TRUE;
}
input = conn->input;
i_stream_ref(input);
while ((line = i_stream_next_line(input)) != NULL && !input->closed) {
T_BEGIN {
ret = auth_server_connection_input_line(conn, line);
} T_END;
if (ret < 0) {
auth_server_connection_disconnect(conn, t_strdup_printf(
"Received broken input: %s", line));
break;
}
}
i_stream_unref(&input);
}
struct auth_server_connection *
auth_server_connection_init(struct auth_client *client)
{
struct auth_server_connection *conn;
pool_t pool;
pool = pool_alloconly_create("auth server connection", 1024);
conn = p_new(pool, struct auth_server_connection, 1);
conn->pool = pool;
conn->client = client;
conn->fd = -1;
hash_table_create_direct(&conn->requests, pool, 100);
i_array_init(&conn->available_auth_mechs, 8);
return conn;
}
static void
auth_server_connection_remove_requests(struct auth_server_connection *conn,
const char *disconnect_reason)
{
static const char *const temp_failure_args[] = { "temp", NULL };
struct hash_iterate_context *iter;
void *key;
struct auth_client_request *request;
time_t created, oldest = 0;
unsigned int request_count = 0;
if (hash_table_count(conn->requests) == 0)
return;
iter = hash_table_iterate_init(conn->requests);
while (hash_table_iterate(iter, conn->requests, &key, &request)) {
if (!auth_client_request_is_aborted(request)) {
request_count++;
created = auth_client_request_get_create_time(request);
if (oldest > created || oldest == 0)
oldest = created;
}
auth_client_request_server_input(request,
AUTH_REQUEST_STATUS_INTERNAL_FAIL,
temp_failure_args);
}
hash_table_iterate_deinit(&iter);
hash_table_clear(conn->requests, FALSE);
if (request_count > 0) {
i_warning("Auth connection closed with %u pending requests "
"(max %u secs, pid=%s, %s)", request_count,
(unsigned int)(ioloop_time - oldest),
my_pid, disconnect_reason);
}
}
void auth_server_connection_disconnect(struct auth_server_connection *conn,
const char *reason)
{
conn->handshake_received = FALSE;
conn->version_received = FALSE;
conn->has_plain_mech = FALSE;
conn->server_pid = 0;
conn->connect_uid = 0;
conn->cookie = NULL;
array_clear(&conn->available_auth_mechs);
if (conn->to != NULL)
timeout_remove(&conn->to);
if (conn->io != NULL)
io_remove(&conn->io);
if (conn->fd != -1) {
i_stream_destroy(&conn->input);
o_stream_destroy(&conn->output);
if (close(conn->fd) < 0)
i_error("close(auth server connection) failed: %m");
conn->fd = -1;
}
auth_server_connection_remove_requests(conn, reason);
if (conn->client->connect_notify_callback != NULL) {
conn->client->connect_notify_callback(conn->client, FALSE,
conn->client->connect_notify_context);
}
}
static void auth_server_reconnect_timeout(struct auth_server_connection *conn)
{
(void)auth_server_connection_connect(conn);
}
static void
auth_server_connection_reconnect(struct auth_server_connection *conn,
const char *disconnect_reason)
{
time_t next_connect;
auth_server_connection_disconnect(conn, disconnect_reason);
next_connect = conn->last_connect + AUTH_SERVER_RECONNECT_TIMEOUT_SECS;
conn->to = timeout_add(ioloop_time >= next_connect ? 0 :
(next_connect - ioloop_time) * 1000,
auth_server_reconnect_timeout, conn);
}
void auth_server_connection_deinit(struct auth_server_connection **_conn)
{
struct auth_server_connection *conn = *_conn;
*_conn = NULL;
auth_server_connection_disconnect(conn, "deinitializing");
i_assert(hash_table_count(conn->requests) == 0);
hash_table_destroy(&conn->requests);
array_free(&conn->available_auth_mechs);
pool_unref(&conn->pool);
}
static void auth_client_handshake_timeout(struct auth_server_connection *conn)
{
i_error("Timeout waiting for handshake from auth server. "
"my pid=%u, input bytes=%"PRIuUOFF_T,
conn->client->client_pid, conn->input->v_offset);
auth_server_connection_reconnect(conn, "auth server timeout");
}
int auth_server_connection_connect(struct auth_server_connection *conn)
{
const char *handshake;
int fd;
i_assert(conn->fd == -1);
conn->last_connect = ioloop_time;
if (conn->to != NULL)
timeout_remove(&conn->to);
/* max. 1 second wait here. */
fd = net_connect_unix_with_retries(conn->client->auth_socket_path,
1000);
if (fd == -1) {
if (errno == EACCES) {
i_error("auth: %s",
eacces_error_get("connect",
conn->client->auth_socket_path));
} else {
i_error("auth: connect(%s) failed: %m",
conn->client->auth_socket_path);
}
return -1;
}
conn->fd = fd;
conn->io = io_add(fd, IO_READ, auth_server_connection_input, conn);
conn->input = i_stream_create_fd(fd, AUTH_SERVER_CONN_MAX_LINE_LENGTH,
FALSE);
conn->output = o_stream_create_fd(fd, (size_t)-1, FALSE);
handshake = t_strdup_printf("VERSION\t%u\t%u\nCPID\t%u\n",
AUTH_CLIENT_PROTOCOL_MAJOR_VERSION,
AUTH_CLIENT_PROTOCOL_MINOR_VERSION,
conn->client->client_pid);
if (o_stream_send_str(conn->output, handshake) < 0) {
i_warning("Error sending handshake to auth server: %s",
o_stream_get_error(conn->output));
auth_server_connection_disconnect(conn,
o_stream_get_error(conn->output));
return -1;
}
conn->to = timeout_add(AUTH_HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT,
auth_client_handshake_timeout, conn);
return 0;
}
unsigned int
auth_server_connection_add_request(struct auth_server_connection *conn,
struct auth_client_request *request)
{
unsigned int id;
id = ++conn->client->request_id_counter;
if (id == 0) {
/* wrapped - ID 0 not allowed */
id = ++conn->client->request_id_counter;
}
i_assert(hash_table_lookup(conn->requests, POINTER_CAST(id)) == NULL);
hash_table_insert(conn->requests, POINTER_CAST(id), request);
return id;
}
void auth_server_connection_remove_request(struct auth_server_connection *conn, unsigned int id)
{
i_assert(conn->handshake_received);
hash_table_remove(conn->requests, POINTER_CAST(id));
}

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@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
#ifndef AUTH_SERVER_CONNECTION_H
#define AUTH_SERVER_CONNECTION_H
struct auth_server_connection {
pool_t pool;
struct auth_client *client;
int fd;
time_t last_connect;
struct io *io;
struct timeout *to;
struct istream *input;
struct ostream *output;
unsigned int server_pid;
unsigned int connect_uid;
char *cookie;
ARRAY(struct auth_mech_desc) available_auth_mechs;
/* id => request */
HASH_TABLE(void *, struct auth_client_request *) requests;
unsigned int version_received:1;
unsigned int handshake_received:1;
unsigned int has_plain_mech:1;
};
struct auth_server_connection *
auth_server_connection_init(struct auth_client *client);
void auth_server_connection_deinit(struct auth_server_connection **conn);
int auth_server_connection_connect(struct auth_server_connection *conn);
void auth_server_connection_disconnect(struct auth_server_connection *conn,
const char *reason);
unsigned int
auth_server_connection_add_request(struct auth_server_connection *conn,
struct auth_client_request *request);
void auth_server_connection_remove_request(struct auth_server_connection *conn, unsigned int id);
#endif

View File

@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ services:
- sogo
dovecot-mailcow:
image: mailcow/dovecot:1.19
image: mailcow/dovecot:1.20
build: ./data/Dockerfiles/dovecot
cap_add:
- NET_BIND_SERVICE